* Notes, Imp Points, Definitions, and Diagrams For Class 12th Biology Chapter 1 REPRODUCTION IN LOWER AND HIGHER PLANTS Based on HSC Syllabus. PART -1 Introduction:- Reproduction: - Reproduction is the production of young ones like parents. Two categories of Reproduction:- 1) Asexual Reproduction 2) Sexual Reproduction 1.1 Asexual Reproduction Definition : It is the process resulting in the production of genetically identical progeny from a single organism and inherits the genes of the parent. Clones: Morphologically and genetically identical individuals. Different Modes of Asexual Reproduction: - 1) Fragmentation: - When multicellular organisms break into fragments, these fragments grow into new individuals. Example - Spirogyra 2) Budding: - This mode of reproduction occurs by producing one or more outgrowths (buds) from the parent body. These buds on separation develop into a new individuals. Example - Yeast 3) Spore Formation : Reproduction that occurs by flagellat